In India, Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas or National Law Day, is observed on November 26. It celebrates the day India’s Constituent Assembly enacted the Constitution, which went into force on January 26, 1950. Recognizing the significance of this day, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment announced November 26th as Constitution Day on November 19, 2015, in order to increase people’ awareness of constitutional ideals.
The Indian Constitution is the ultimate legislation of the country. Its dynamism enables it to adapt to changing times and meet the changing demands of a developing nation. As we commemorate Constitution Day, each citizen should be informed of the fundamental rights and laws entrenched in this guiding text.
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Key rights that every person should be aware of
Right to Equality:
The Constitution provides that no one is denied equality before the law or equal protection under the law on Indian territory.
Right to Freedom:Â
Citizens have the right to free speech and expression, to peacefully assemble, to form associations or unions, to move freely within Indian territory, to reside and settle in any part of the country, and to pursue any profession, occupation, trade, or business of their choice, according to the Indian Constitution.
Right Against Exploitation:Â
Human trafficking and forced labor are prohibited by the Constitution, and violations are penalized by law.
Right to Religious Freedom:Â
Every citizen has the right to conscience and the freedom to freely proclaim, practice, and spread their faith. They also have the authority to govern religious issues and to establish and maintain religious and philanthropic institutions.
Right to Life:Â
Excessive punishment is prohibited under the right to life and personal liberty. No one can be punished more severely than the law allows at the time of the o
Rights to Culture and Education:Â
Citizens with different languages, scripts, or traditions have the right to preserve them. Religious and linguistic minorities have the freedom to create and run educational institutions without prejudice.
Right to Constitutional Remedies:Â
Article 32 guarantees a remedy for the enforcement of all basic rights. The Supreme Court is recognized as the defender of fundamental rights and has the authority to issue writs to enforce them.
Right to privacyÂ
The right to privacy, which is protected as an inherent aspect of the right to life and personal liberty, protects individuals from intrusion by both state and non-state actors, allowing for autonomous life choices.
Right to Free Legal Counsel:Â
The right to free legal assistance is incorporated in Section 39A of the Indian Constitution to ensure that persons who cannot afford legal services have access to justice.
Right To FIR
Individuals have the legal right to submit a First Information Report (FIR) at a police station in India, and no police officer has the authority to refuse to record it. Section 166 of the Indian Penal Code protects this freedom by addressing the punishment for a “public servant disobeying the law with the intent to cause injury to any person.” This law provision assures that any police officer who refuses to file a FIR faces consequences, including up to a year in prison, a fine, or both.
Right to Information:
In India, the Right to Information Act (RTI Act) gives every citizen the valuable right to request information from any public entity. This includes a wide variety of specifics, such as government operations, policies, acts, and choices.
The Police Act:Â
One of the fundamental and fundamental rules that every Indian should be aware of is that the police are never off duty. This remark is based on the old 1861 Police Act.
Maternity Benefit Act:Â
Section 4 of the Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 expressly states that a pregnant woman is protected against termination. This legislative clause assures that no employer or supervisor has the ability to fire a pregnant woman.
Gas Cylinder Rules (2004) and Explosives Act (1884):
The 2004 Gas Cylinder Rules and the 1884 Explosives Act both contain critical clauses. Individuals can seek insurance up to Rs. 40 lakhs under these laws in the event of an explosion, which will cover medical expenditures and property damage.
